Holly Holm Oak
Germination of holm oak was restricted to shaded conditions Broncano et al 1998.
Holly holm oak. Holly or Holm Oak Quercus Ilex. Young leaves are often downy on both surfaces but the down falls away to reveal a glossy dark green leaf. Holm oaks have smaller more compact scaling and tend to be a little smoother with bark more like that of a holly.
Exposed to the typical Mediterranean dry period during which only about 60-80 mm rainfall. Unless you have qualifications in using a chainsaw then any. Spiny-edged when young resembling holly leaves they become smooth-edged with age.
The holly holm or evergreen oak is a handsome tree and is common in the south of France and the southern parts of Europe. The bark is black and finely cracked and twigs are slender and covered with light brown felt-like. Leathery leaves are dull green above white below and have intermittent spines on the margins.
GreenPurple Beech and Hornbeam both hold onto their brown Autumn leaves through Winter. The Holly oak grows into a large evergreen tree with a dense canopy habit 30-60 ft. Ilex in Latin means the holm-oak or evergreen oak Quercus ilex.
Of particular importance are the limes classed by the Tree Register of the British Isles as the finest collection in North West England. The reference to M. Naturalised in UK year-round shelter for birds.
-- called also ilex and holly. Young trees develop an upright. Quercus ilex or Holly Oak Holm oaks are evergreen with lightly lobed leaves.